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Introducción: la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina ha sido ampliamente investigada, demostrando que forman parte de un grupo vulnerable al desarrollo de trastornos mentales. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de NSSI y sus factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay. Metodología: este fue un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se lanzó una encuesta online para evaluar depresión, ansiedad y autolesiones, se utilizaron las escalas PHQ-2, GAD-7 y SHQ, respectivamente. Resultados: recibimos respuestas de 330 estudiantes de medicina. De los participantes, el 71,2 % eran mujeres. Se identificó que el 46,4 % de los participantes padecía depresión (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) y el 37,3 % ansiedad (GAD-7 ≥10). La frecuencia de NSSI fue del 27 % (n = 89). Los principales factores asociados a NSSI fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental (que aumentó la probabilidad de NSSI en 3,76 veces) y/o una historia de abuso físico o sexual (con un aumento de 3,75 veces). Conclusión: esta investigación encontró la presencia de NSSI en casi 3 de cada 10 de los estudiantes de medicina encuestados. Los principales factores asociados con la conducta autolesiva fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental y/o antecedentes de abuso físico o sexual.
Introduction: the mental health of medical students has been extensively researched, showing that they are part of a group vulnerable to the development of mental disorders. Aim: the aim of this research was to determine the frequency of NSSI and its associated factors in medical students in Paraguay. Methodology: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. An online survey was launched to assess depression, anxiety, and self-harm, the PHQ-2, the GAD-7 and SHQ scales were used, respectively. Results: we received responses from 330 medical students. Of the participants, 71.2 % were female. 46.4% of the participants were identified as having depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) and 37.3 % as having anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10). The frequency of NSSI was 27 % (n = 89). The main factors associated with NSSI were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder (which increased the likelihood of NSSI by 3.76 times) and/ or a history of physical or sexual abuse (with a 3.75-fold increase). Conclusion: this research found the presence of NSSI in almost 3 out of 10 of the medical students surveyed. The main factors associated with self-injurious behavior were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder and/or a history of physical or sexual abuse.
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Introducción: la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina ha sido ampliamente investigada, demostrando que forman parte de un grupo vulnerable al desarrollo de trastornos mentales. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de NSSI y sus factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay. Metodología: este fue un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se lanzó una encuesta online para evaluar depresión, ansiedad y autolesiones, se utilizaron las escalas PHQ-2, GAD-7 y SHQ, respectivamente. Resultados: recibimos respuestas de 330 estudiantes de medicina. De los participantes, el 71,2 % eran mujeres. Se identificó que el 46,4 % de los participantes padecía depresión (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) y el 37,3 % ansiedad (GAD-7 ≥10). La frecuencia de NSSI fue del 27 % (n = 89). Los principales factores asociados a NSSI fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental (que aumentó la probabilidad de NSSI en 3,76 veces) y/o una historia de abuso físico o sexual (con un aumento de 3,75 veces). Conclusión: esta investigación encontró la presencia de NSSI en casi 3 de cada 10 de los estudiantes de medicina encuestados. Los principales factores asociados con la conducta autolesiva fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental y/o antecedentes de abuso físico o sexual.
Introduction: the mental health of medical students has been extensively researched, showing that they are part of a group vulnerable to the development of mental disorders. Aim: the aim of this research was to determine the frequency of NSSI and its associated factors in medical students in Paraguay. Methodology: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. An online survey was launched to assess depression, anxiety, and self-harm, the PHQ-2, the GAD-7 and SHQ scales were used, respectively. Results: we received responses from 330 medical students. Of the participants, 71.2 % were female. 46.4% of the participants were identified as having depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) and 37.3 % as having anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10). The frequency of NSSI was 27 % (n = 89). The main factors associated with NSSI were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder (which increased the likelihood of NSSI by 3.76 times) and/ or a history of physical or sexual abuse (with a 3.75-fold increase). Conclusion: this research found the presence of NSSI in almost 3 out of 10 of the medical students surveyed. The main factors associated with self-injurious behavior were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder and/or a history of physical or sexual abuse.
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O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a produção científica disponível na literatura sobre os eventos adversos em serviços de urgência e emergência. Assim, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa por meio de levantamento bibliográfico em agosto de 2022, com busca nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (Ibecs), Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF) via Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) via PubMed e Web of Science via Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). A busca resultou na amostra final de dez artigos, que foram descritos com base em quatro eixos temáticos, conforme tipo de serviço e desenvolvimento do estudo. Os assuntos mais abordados nas produções foram: terapia medicamentosa, incidentes relacionados à organização do serviço, falhas nas prescrições, prescrições verbais, incidentes com previsão e provisão de materiais e abastecimento. A análise das produções expõe o maior número de artigos da Espanha, do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos, com ênfase nos assuntos relacionados a eventos adversos em ambientes de urgência e emergência intra-hospitalares, demonstrando que as pesquisas sobre segurança do paciente em serviços de urgência e emergência são incipientes, assim como são escassos os estudos no Brasil voltados para as unidades de pronto atendimento.
The article aims to analyze the scientific production available in the literature on adverse events in urgency and emergency services. Thus, an integrative review was carried out with a bibliographic survey, in August 2022, with a search in the electronical databases: Spanish Bibliographic Index in Health Sciences (IBECS), Database in Nursing (BDENF) via Virtual Health Library (BVS), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via PubMed and Web of Science via Portal de Periódicos da Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES). The search resulted in a final sample of ten articles, which were described based on four thematic axes, in accordance with the type of study development and service. The subjects most discussed in the productions were: drug therapy, incidents related to the organization of the service, failures in prescriptions, verbal prescriptions, incidents with prediction, and provision of materials and supplies. The analysis of the productions exposes the larger number of articles from Spain, Brazil, and the United States, with emphasis on subjects related to adverse events in in-hospital urgent and emergency environments, demonstrating that research on patient safety in urgency and emergency services are incipient, as well the few studies in Brazil directed to emergency care units.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la producción científica disponible en la literatura sobre eventos adversos en los servicios de urgencias y emergencia. Para ello, se realizó una revisión integradora mediante levantamiento bibliográfico, llevado a cabo en agosto de 2022, con búsqueda en las bases de datos en línea: Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (Ibecs), Base de Datos en Enfermería (BDENF) vía Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) vía PubMed y Web of Science vía Portal de Periódicos de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior (Capes). La búsqueda resultó en una muestra final de diez artículos, descritos a partir de cuatro ejes temáticos, de acuerdo con el tipo de servicio y desarrollo del estudio. Los temas más tratados en las producciones fueron farmacoterapia, incidentes relacionados con la organización del servicio, fallos en la prescripción, prescripción verbal, e incidentes con predicción y provisión de materiales e insumos. El análisis de las producciones expone la mayor cantidad de artículos en España, Brasil y Estados Unidos, con mayor énfasis en temas relacionados con eventos adversos en ambientes de urgencias y emergencia intrahospitalaria, demostrando que la investigación sobre seguridad del paciente en servicios de urgencias y emergencia es incipiente, así como existen pocos estudios en Brasil dirigidos a unidades de atención de emergencia.
Subject(s)
Inappropriate Prescribing , Health ServicesABSTRACT
Background: Deliberate self-harm is a complex behavior of maladaptive response to acute and chronic stress, and likely to be suffering from mental health problems as well as co-morbid general medical conditions, including several non-suicidal intentions to suicide. Deliberate self-harm was previously included in suicide. Sir Thomas Browne first used the word ‘Suicide’ in 1642 in his religion Medici. The word suicide originated from SUI (of oneself) & CAEDES (murder). According to WHO ‘Suicide’ refers to the act of killing oneself intentionally, performed by the person with full knowledge or expectation of the fatal outcome. This study aimed to analyze the pattern of psychiatric disorders among patients with deliberate self-harm. This study aimed to analyze the socio-demographic correlation among patients with deliberate self-harm. Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine; emergency & OPD, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The study duration was 1 year; July 2012- June 2013. A total of 116 deliberate self-harm cases were included in this study as per the inclusion criteria. A convenience sampling technique was undertaken in this study. Results: The correlation of age, sex, economic status, religion, educational status, occupation, marital status, family history of mental illness, previous H/O mental illness, previous H/O physical illness, nature of stress factors, and the total number of DSH was significant between psychiatric disorder and co-morbid general medical condition. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between sociodemographic parameters among the patients with deliberate self-harm. Bangladesh is a country with a cultural heritage of thousands of years. Traditional values, and social and family bonding are the characteristics of the culture. Traditional value systems are being declined gradually due to the influence of western culture. The social structure is in a period of transition that is characterized by the waning of family ties and social support as well as an increase in urbanization and modernization. This factor together with psychiatric and co-morbid general medical conditions plays an important role in deliberate self-harm
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Resumen: Objetivo: Comprender las experiencias de Reducción de Daños en las voces de personas costarricenses en situación de calle, consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas. Materiales y métodos: Investigación cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico que contó con la participación de 10 personas en situación de calle que visitaban diferentes centros de atención en reducción de daños en tres provincias de Costa Rica durante los años de 2019 y 2020. Resultados: La efectivación del derecho a la salud y el reconocimiento de la ciudadanía y la humanidad de las personas en situación de calle consumidoras de sustancias, estuvieron siempre presentes en las experiencias vividas dentro de las instituciones de Reducción de Daños. Además, se explicitó que, los ejes de derechos humanos, cuidados centrados en la persona y el reconocimiento del fenómeno de las drogas como una dimensión perteneciente al ámbito de la Salud Pública fueron puntos neurálgicos "del ser" dentro de la Reducción de Daños en Costa Rica. Conclusión: Una de las mayores contribuciones de este estudio fue la comprensión del progreso de la Reducción de Daños en un no-lugar como la calle. La comprensión fenomenológica social nos mostró también que el sentido de "ser y estar" en el mundo no es algo pasible de ser determinado por estructuras primitivas y punitivas. Por lo tanto, cualquier tentativa de cuidado a la salud que deslegitime al ser humano en cualquier momento o (no) lugar estará destinada al fracaso.
Abstract: Objective: To understand the experiences of Harm Reduction among the voices of homeless people and drug users in Costa Rica. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research with a phenomenological approach that worked with 10 homeless people in Costa Rica during 2019-2020. Results: The materialization of the right to health and the recognition of the citizenship/humanism of homeless people-drug user were always present in the lived experiences of the participants. In addition, it was explicit that the axes of Humanism, Person-centered Care and the recognition of the Drug Phenomenon as a dimension belonging to the field of Public Health were neuralgic points of being within the Harm Reduction in Costa Rica. Conclusion: One of the major contributions of this study was the understanding of the progress of Harm Reduction in a non-place like the street. The social phenomenological understanding also showed us that the sense of "being" in the world is not something that can be determined by primitive and punitive structures. Therefore, any health care attempt that delegitimizes the human being at any time or (no) place will be doomed to failure.
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RESUMO Este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar a experiência da implementação dos Consultórios de Rua na cidade do Recife-PE como estratégia de prevenção ao HIV/Aids e Redução de Danos (RD) decorrentes do uso de álcool, crack e outras drogas. Ainda que o resgate da história desse processo apresente tensões, impermanências e alternâncias nos modelos de cuidado implementados pela gestão municipal, sua análise aponta a importância de reafirmar, no contexto atual, a proposição de práticas e experiências nesse campo, ancoradas na RD e na defesa da cidadania e dos direitos humanos. Observa-se que os Consultórios de Rua contribuem para fortalecer a prática de RD no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como estratégia de saúde pública, assim como reduzem as vulnerabilidades às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) e Aids associadas ao uso de álcool, crack e outras drogas. A experiência do CR ampliou a promoção à linha de cuidado para pessoas que usam álcool, crack, e outras drogas, reduzindo também as vulnerabilidades das IST/Aids associadas a esse consumo. No entanto, vê-se que é preciso investir e manter processos formativos que sejam permanentes, além de estudos e pesquisas epidemiológicas que demonstrem os resultados alcançados nos diferentes contextos.
ABSTRACT This article aims to present the experience of implementing 'Street Outreach Teams' in the city of Recife-PE as a strategy for HIV/AIDS prevention and Harm Reduction (HR) associated with the use of alcohol, crack, and other drugs. Although the review of the history of this process reveals tensions, volatility, and alternations in the care models implemented by the city management, the analysis points out the importance of reaffirming, in the current context, the practices and experiences in that field, anchored in HR and in the defense of civil and human rights. Street outreach teams have been found to help strengthen the practice of HR in the Unified Health System, as a public health strategy to reduce vulnerabilities to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and AIDS associated with the use of alcohol, crack, and other drugs. The experience has expanded the promotion of the line of care for people who use alcohol, crack, and other drugs and reduced the vulnerabilities of STI/AIDS associated with such use. However, it seems that it is necessary to invest and maintain permanent training processes, in addition to epidemiological studies and research demonstrating the results achieved in different contexts.
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Introduction: College students represent an important subpopulation of the United States, with over 19 million college students in the U.S. enrolled yearly. Methods: Descriptive analysis of the causes of death for all deceased students reported by the UW Dean of Students Office (DSO) between 2004 and 2018. We analyzed frequencies and yearly rates. Results: Our analysis shows that contrary to published data and national statistics for the relevant age groups, intentional by self-harm deaths lead causes of death in enrolled students from 2004 to 2018. Intentional by self-harm is the main cause of death in male students, younger students, and white students. "Other" causes of death is the main cause in female students, older students, and students of color. Conclusions: These results must be shared with different stakeholders across campus as well as with other universities in order to support and evaluate campus-wide prevention strategies for means restriction and environmental safety.
Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios representan una subpoblación importante de los Estados Unidos, con más de 19 millones de matriculados anualmente. Sin embargo, hay pocos datos publicados sobre la mortalidad y causas de muerte en la población universitaria. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las causas de muerte, basadas en datos de certificados de defunción, de estudiantes matriculados en University of Winconsin- Madison desde 2004 hasta 2018. Métodos: Análisis descriptivo de las causas oficiales de muerte de todos los estudiantes fallecidos reportados por la Oficina del Decano de Estudiantes entre 2004 y 2018. Se analizaron frecuencias y tasas anuales. Resultados: El análisis muestra que, contrariamente a los datos publicados y las estadísticas nacionales para los grupos de edad relevantes, las muertes intencionales por autolesión lideran las causas de muerte en los estudiantes matriculados entre esos años. Las autolesiones intencionales son la principal causa de muerte en los estudiantes varones, en los estudiantes más jóvenes y en los estudiantes blancos. Las causas incluidas en la categoría indicada como Otras son las principales en las estudiantes mujeres, en estudiantes mayores y en estudiantes de color. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio deben compartirse con las diferentes áreas interesadas en todo el campus universitario y con otras instituciones universitarias, para apoyar y evaluar las estrategias de prevención, la aplicación de los medios de restricción y la seguridad ambiental.
Subject(s)
Mortality , Students , Suicide , Universities , Accidents, Traffic , Cause of Death , Self-Injurious BehaviorABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo apresenta as cartografias produzidas com a população de rua em Florianópolis, Brasil, e tem como objetivo dar visibilidade às estratégias de redução de danos (RD) como produção de cuidado nas ruas. As primeiras cenas partem dos debates em uma oficina de RD com a população de rua, quando se teve contato com a proposta da RD. Em seguida, as cenas cartografadas apresentam o encontro com Cigana e Alemão(c), um casal que se conheceu em cenas de uso de crack, e, a partir desse encontro, foram agenciados por afetos que os movimentaram a deixar o uso daquela substância. Essas cartografias demonstraram que a população de rua inventa outros jeitos de se encontrar, criando linhas de fuga como forma de reafirmar sua existência e utilizando estratégias de RD como produção de cuidado. (AU)
Abstract This article presents maps created with the homeless population in Florianópolis, Brazil and aims to create greater visibility for harm reduction (HR) strategies as a form of care provision on the streets. The first scenes draw on discussions during a HR workshop with homeless people, when they had their first contact with the strategy. The mapped scenes are the result of an encounter with Cigana and Alemão, a couple who met each other in the midst of scenes of crack use and, thereafter, through the agency of affect, were motivated to stop using the substance. The maps demonstrate that homeless people invent other ways to find themselves, creating lines of flight as a way of reaffirming their existence and using HR strategies as a form of care provision. (AU)
Resumen Este artículo presenta las cartografías producidas con la población sin hogar a en Florianópolis, Brasil, y su objetivo es dar visibilidad a las estrategias de reducción de daños (RD) como producción de cuidado en las calles. Las primeras escenas parten de los debates de un taller de RD con la población sin hogar, cuando se tuvo contacto con la propuesta de RD. Enseguida, las escenas cartografiadas presentan el encuentro con Gitana y Alemán, una pareja que se conoció en escenas de uso de crack y, a partir de ese encuentro, fueron agenciados por afectos que los llevaron a dejar el uso de esa substancia. Esas cartografías demostraron que la población sin hogar inventa otras formas de encontrarse, creando líneas de fuga como forma de reafirmar su existencia y utilizando estrategias de RD como producción de cuidado. (AU)
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Objective:To deeply understand the psychological experience of self-harm in adolescent patients with mental disorder under environmental function model, and to provide reference for the formulation of nursing intervention measures for adolescent patients with mental disorder.Methods:Descriptive phenomenology was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 14 adolescent patients with mental disorders in Wuhan Mental Health Center From February to May 2021. The interview data were analyzed by Colaizzi′s seven-step analysis method.Results:There were 4 themes and 12 sub-themes: cognitive bias of self-harming behavior; psychological and emotional complexity: self-denial and self-loathing, pain, despair, satisfaction and comfort, shame, stigma, guilt; the causes of self-harm: family factors, school factors, personality factors and psychiatric symptoms factors; insufficient self-management ability: insufficient emotional management ability, low medication compliance, low self-efficacy.Conclusions:The self-harm behavior of adolescent mental disorder patients is not optimistic, the psychological and emotional burden is heavy, and the self-management ability is insufficient, so the intervention and prevention of self-harm behavior should be further strengthened.
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The development and potential application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is closely related to the human brain, so that the ethical regulation of BCI has become an important issue attracting the consideration of society. Existing literatures have discussed the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspectives of non-BCI developers and scientific ethics, while few discussions have been launched from the perspective of BCI developers. Therefore, there is a great need to study and discuss the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspective of BCI developers. In this paper, we present the user-centered and non-harmful BCI technology ethics, and then discuss and look forward on them. This paper argues that human beings can cope with the ethical issues arising from BCI technology, and as BCI technology develops, its ethical norms will be improved continuously. It is expected that this paper can provide thoughts and references for the formulation of ethical norms related to BCI technology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain-Computer Interfaces , Technology , Brain , User-Computer Interface , ElectroencephalographyABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivamos compreender as adaptações do programa Consultório na Rua ao contexto territorial, a partir das bases normativas, realizadas por uma equipe atuante na cidade de São Paulo, que oferece cuidado em saúde para as pessoas em situação de rua. Realizamos análise de implantação da mesma, por meio de pesquisa participativa e estudo avaliativo de caso, que envolveu observação participante, entrevistas e análise documental. Os trabalhos de campo e posterior discussão com a equipe subsidiaram a elaboração do modelo lógico e a elaboração e preenchimento da matriz de avaliação. Os resultados indicam avançado grau de implantação do caso estudado, com exceção do atendimento aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas e da garantia da logística à itinerância da equipe. O programa enfrenta desafios diante de restrições da gestão e limitações da rede de serviços do município, que impedem o alcance da equidade.
Abstract We aim to understand the adaptations of Clinic on the Street program to the territorial context, based on the normative bases, carried out by a team, which offers health care for people in homelessness. For this, we carried out an analysis of its implementation, through participating research and evaluative case study, which involved participant observation, interviews and documentary analysis. Fieldwork and subsequent discussion with the team supported the development of the logical model and the preparation and completion of the evaluation matrix. The results indicate an advanced degree of implementation of the case studied, except for serving users of psychoactive substances and ensuring logistics to the team's itinerancy. The program faces challenges in the face of management restrictions and limitations of the municipality's service network, which hinder the achievement of equity.
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Resumo Esta pesquisa analisa os processos críticos para a redução de danos entre consumidores de esteroides, no contexto de academias de ginástica da região Metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás, e os sujeitos do estudo foram selecionados por meio da técnica de Bola de Neve. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo a partir da transcrição de quinze entrevistas, e a exploração do material produzido levou à construção de quatro categorias a posteriori. Foram observadas ações - como o gerenciamento individual de riscos, a exemplo da autoexperimentação para avaliar a qualidade do produto e da automedicação na forma de terapias pós-ciclo - e, ao mesmo tempo, processos que conferem proteção à saúde, especialmente relativos às redes de apoio e à posição socioeconômica favorável dos participantes deste estudo. Considera-se importante estruturar ações proativas, contínuas e integradas de redução de danos que respondam às necessidades de saúde de quem consome esteroides, assim como implementar estratégias que superem tanto a abordagem de guerra às drogas quanto a abordagem apenas pragmática e individual do gerenciamento de riscos.
Abstract This research analyzes the critical processes for harm reduction among steroid consumers, in the context of gyms in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás. The study subjects were selected using Snowball sampling. Content analysis was carried out from the transcription of fifteen interviews, and the exploration of the produced material led to the construction of four categories a posteriori. Actions-such as individual risk management, by self-experimentation to assess the product's quality and self-medication in the form of post-cycle therapies, for example-were observed and, at the same time, processes that afford health protection, especially regarding the support networks and favorable socioeconomic position of this study's participants. Structuring proactive, continuous, and integrated harm reduction actions that respond to steroid consumers' health needs is considered important, as well as implementing strategies that overcome both the war on drugs approach and the merely pragmatic and individual approach to risk management.
Subject(s)
Health EducationABSTRACT
Objetivos: analizar fenomenológicamente los vacíos y deudas que la población LGBTQIA+ costarricense en situación de calle, consumidora de drogas, enfrenta desde la perspectiva de Reducción de Daños. Método: Reflexión fenomenológica que se circunscribe en el macroproyecto "Experiencias de personas en situación de calle consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas: Una aproximación desde el Modelo de Reducción de daños". Resultados: La salud de la población LGBTQIA+ en situación de calle y consumidora de drogas se comprende como un fenómeno complejo y multidimensional, ante esto pensar en estrategias políticas que permitan efectivar ese derecho humano se torna fundamental. Se comprende que son múltiples las deudas presentes con esa población, consecuentemente, se debe considerar la perspectiva interseccional y territorial como norte praxiológico. Consideraciones finales: La Reducción de Daños debe enfocarse en garantizar los derechos humanos y brindar una atención territorializada, centrada en la persona, con perspectiva de salud pública y transversalizada en principios de equidad y justicia.
Objetivos: analisar fenomenologicamente as lacunas e dívidas que a população LGBTQIA+ costarriquenha em situação de rua, consumidora de drogas enfrenta desde a perspectiva de Redução de Danos. Método: Reflexão fenomenológica circunscrita no macroprojeto "Experiências de pessoas em situação de rua consumidoras de substâncias psicoativas: Uma aproximação desde o Modelo de Redução de Danos". Resultados: A saúde da população LGBTQIA+ em situação de rua e consumidora de drogas compreende-se como um fenômeno complexo e multidimensional, diante disto, pensar em estratégias políticas que permitam efetivar esse direito humano torna-se fundamental. Adicionalmente, compreende-se que são muitas as dívidas presentes com essa população, consequentemente, deve-se considerar sempre a perspectiva interseccional e territorial como norte praxiológico para garantir o cuidado. Considerações finais: A Redução de Danos deve garantir os direitos humanos e oferecer uma atenção territorializada, centrada na pessoa, com perspectiva de saúde pública e transversalizada pelos princípios de equidade e justiça.
Objective: to analyze the gaps and debts that the homeless, drug-consuming Costa Rican LGBTQIA+ population faces from the perspective of Harm Reduction. Method: Phenomenological reflection that is circumscribed in the macro-project "Experiences of homeless people who consume psychoactive substances: An approach from the Harm Reduction Model." Results: The health of the LGBTQIA+ population living on the streets and drug users is understood as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Given this, thinking about political strategies that allow this human right to be realized becomes fundamental. It is understood that there are multiple debts present with this population, consequently, the intersectional and territorial perspective must be considered as a praxiological north. Final considerations: Harm Reduction must focus on guaranteeing human rights and providing territorialized, person-centered care, with a public health perspective and mainstreamed in principles of equity and justice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Harm Reduction , Drug Users , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Objetivo: Mapear la evidencia científica respecto de las autolesiones no suicidas y trastorno límite de la personalidad en adolescentes de muestras comunitarias o clínicas en el contexto internacional. Introducción: Las autolesiones no suicidas corresponden a un importante campo de investigación en el espectro de suicidio, no obstante, son diversas las perspectivas para su conceptualización. La literatura señala ampliamente la comorbilidad entre las autolesiones no suicidas y el trastorno límite de la personalidad. Métodos: Scoping review basada en la metodología propuesta por el Joanna Briggs Institute. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Ovid, Science Direct, Proquest, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y Web of Science. La búsqueda fue realizada en fuentes publicadas del 2011 hasta noviembre de 2021 en idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Resultados: La muestra final estuvo conformada por 12 artículos extraídos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se encontraron cuatro categorías: curso longitudinal de las autolesiones no suicidas y trastornos límite de la personalidad en adolescentes, marcadores neuronales-fisiológicos de las autolesiones no suicidas y trastornos límite de la personalidad en adolescentes y riesgos psicosociales asociados a las autolesiones no suicidas y trastornos límite de la personalidad. Conclusiones: Se requieren más estudios interdisciplinares en el campo de las autolesiones no suicidas y trastornos límite de la personalidad en adolescentes. Se evidencia la necesidad de estudiar el curso longitudinal, marcadores neuronales-fisiológicos y riesgos psicosociales para mejorar la especificad de las intervenciones en muestras clínicas.
Objective: To map the scientific evidence regarding non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorder in adolescents from community or clinical samples in the international context. Introduction: Non-suicidal self-harm corresponds to an important field of research in the suicide spectrum; however, there are diverse perspectives for its conceptualization. The literature widely points out the comorbidity between non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorder. Methods: Scoping review based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The Ovid, Science Direct, Proquest, Virtual Health Library and Web of Science databases were used. The search was carried out in sources published from 2011 to November 2021 in Spanish, English and Portuguese languages. Results: The final sample consisted of 12 extracted articles that met the inclusion criteria. Four categories were found: longitudinal course of non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorders in adolescents, neuronal-physiological markers of non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorders in adolescents, and psychosocial risks associated with non-suicidal self-harm and borderline disorders. of personality. Conclusions: More interdisciplinary studies are required in the field of non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorders in adolescents. The need to study the longitudinal course, neuronal-physiological markers and psychosocial risks is evident to improve the specificity of interventions in clinical samples.
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Abstract Most children grow up in homes with easy access to multiple screens. Screen use by children between the ages of 0 to 5 has become a worldwide preoccupation. In the present narrative review, we examine child and parent screen use and its contribution to physical, cognitive, and social developmental outcomes. As research has mostly focused on the adverse consequences of screen media, we aim to depict both the negative and the positive influences of screen usage. To provide a more nuanced portrait of the potential benefits and harms of screen use, we examine how consequences of media use vary according to the content of media (ex., educational, violent), context (ex., using screens during mealtimes), and the nature (ex., passive vs active use) of child screen use. Our review supports existing screen time guidelines and recommendations and suggests that media content, the context of use, and the nature of child use, as well as the parent's own screen use, be considered clinically. Future research should seek to clarify how these dimensions jointly contribute to child screen use profiles and associated consequences. Finally, child sex, behavioral/temperamental difficulties, and family adversity appear to contribute to child screen use and its consequences and should be considered in future research. Suggestions for harm-reduction approaches are discussed.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender, por meio das histórias de vidas, aspectos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes universitários. Participaram 15 estudantes de ambos os gêneros e com idades entre 18 e 28 anos, de diferentes cursos de graduação que já fizeram uso de alguma substância psicoativa. Foi aplicado um questionário sócio demográfico e um relato autobiográfico; na sequência, as entrevistas narrativas foram realizadas. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se da análise temática que identificou quatro categorias: Conflitos familiares na infância e adolescência; Experiências com o uso de drogas na adolescência e na vida universitária; Formas de tratamento; e Prevenção na educação. Foi observado que os fatores comportamentais, ambientais, sociais e familiares, demonstram estar associados ao uso de drogas. Este estudo traz dados relevantes que podem contribuir no planejamento de ações preventivas sobre o uso de drogas no âmbito universitário (AU).
The aim of this study was to understand, through life stories, aspects related to the use of psychoactive substances by university students.The study included 15 students of both genders and aged between 18 and 28 years, from different undergraduate courses who have already used some psychoactive substanceA sociodemographic questionnaire and an autobiographical report were applied; then, narrative interviews were carried out.For data analysis, the thematic category analysis was used, four categories wereidentified: Family conflicts in childhood and adolescence;Experiences with drug use in adolescence and university life;Forms of treatment;and Prevention in education. It was observed in this study that behavioral, environmental, social and family factors, demonstrate to be associated with drug use. This study provides relevant data that can contribute to the planning of preventive actions on drug use at the university level (AU).
El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender, a través de historias de vida, aspectos relacionados con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de estudiantes universitarios.El estudio incluyó a 15 estudiantes de ambos sexos y con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 28 años, de diferentes cursos de grado que ya han consumido alguna sustancia psicoactiva. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un informe autobiográfico; luego, se realizaron entrevistas narrativas. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el análisis de categorías temáticas, se identificaron cuatro categorías: Conflictos familiares en la infancia y la adolescencia; Experiencias con el consumo de drogas en la adolescencia y la vida universitaria;Formas de tratamiento;y Prevención en la educación. Se observó en este estudio que factores conductuales, ambientales, sociales yfamiliares demuestran estar asociados con el consumo de drogas. Este estudio aporta datos relevantes que pueden contribuir a la planificación de acciones preventivas sobre el consumo de drogas a nivel universitario (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Psychology, Educational , Universities , Substance Abuse Detection , Life , Family Conflict , Psychotropic Drugs , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
The relationship between patients and dentists today is more worn and less based on trust, which can lead to high rates of lawsuits related to civil liability and dental malpractice. Aim: verify if there has been an increase in the number of lawsuits related to questioned dental treatments, and against dentists registered in the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, from 2012 to 2017. Methods: We outlined an overview based on the list from the São Paulo Council of Dentistry containing 30,238 registered dentists in the city of São Paulo, and searched for lawsuits on the public base of the São Paulo State Court's. Results: The search, after the inclusion and exclusion criteria, found 247 lawsuits, with dental implants as the most involved specialty. The total indemnities requested ranged from R$ 227.42 to R$ 937,000.00, but no indemnity granted exceeded the amount of R$ 100,000.00. Conclusion: According to the analysis of cases, there is a progressive increase in the number of civil liability lawsuits against dentists involving dental malpractice litigance
Subject(s)
Patient Harm , Forensic Dentistry , Insurance, Liability , JurisprudenceABSTRACT
Cigarette smoking is a major public health issue in India and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Addressing the issue of smoking is a major challenge to public health, as the addiction is hard to break. Counseling smokers regarding smoking cessation is the first step to achieving cessation, but the quit rates remain low. Several pharmacological interventions have been developed over the years. Nicotine replacement therapy is available in a variety of formulations, each with different advantages, drawbacks, acceptability among smokers and quit rates. In addition, a range of novel nicotine and tobacco products, including Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs), have been developed which leverage nicotine to aid in smoking cessation. A group of medical experts convened to review the evidence on the burden of smoking, the concept of Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR), novel nicotine and tobacco products for THR, and the potential of HTPs to aid in smoking cessation. This paper outlines the findings and recommendations regarding THR in the Indian context. The panel opined that tobacco cessation centers and counseling remain the foundation of tobacco cessation in India. At the same time, there appears to be potential for the application of THR products in India. The relevant authorities must review the potential of THR products, and make these available, to provide the best possible cessation strategy for the Indian population that is currently at risk of mortality and severe morbidity.
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El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre abuso sexual eclesiástico fue identificar el impacto psicológico de este tipo de violencia en las víctimas. Las búsquedas iniciales se realizaron entre el 10 de octubre de 2020 y el 17 de diciembre de 2020. Así, la actualización de búsquedas se realizó entre el 26 de octubre de 2020 y el 23 de enero de 2021. Los artículos incluidos se obtuvieron desde las bases de datos PsycINFO, Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión, y se realizó una selección inicial por medio de los títulos y resúmenes, los cuales, fueron examinados por dos revisores de forma independientes. Los documentos seleccionados se examinaron utilizando el mismo proceso de revisores. Se incluyeron 18 estudios de 2.189 títulos y resúmenes revisados. En general, los estudios evidenciaron un impacto psicológico negativo posterior al abuso sexual infantil ocurrido en contextos eclesiásticos. Destacando el daño espiritual como una característica específica del abuso sexual eclesiástico, lo que, sumado, a las consecuencias habituales del abuso sexual, sitúa a las víctimas en una posición compleja al presentar un espectro más amplio de efectos negativos posteriores al abuso. Los hallazgos del presente estudio permiten una mejor comprensión de este problema y entregan antecedentes para el desarrollo de estrategias de recuperación adecuadas a las necesidades de estas víctimas.
The objective of this systematic review of the literature on ecclesiastical sexual abuse was to identify the psychological impacts of this type of violence on victims. The initial literature searches were conducted between October 10, 2020 and December 17, 2020. Thus, the update of searches was conducted between October 26, 2020 and January 23, 2021. The articles included were obtained from the PsycINFO, Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were established, and an initial selection was made by means of titles and abstracts, which were examined by two reviewers independently. The selected papers were examined using the same reviewer process. Eighteen studies were included out of 2,189 titles and abstracts reviewed. Overall, the studies evidenced a negative psychological impact following child sexual abuse occurring in church settings. Highlighting spiritual harm as a specific feature of ecclesiastical sexual abuse, which, in addition to the usual consequences of sexual abuse, places victims in a complex position of presenting a broader spectrum of negative effects following abuse. The findings of the present study allow a better understanding of this problem and provide background for the development of recovery strategies appropriate to the needs of these victims.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Catholicism , Clergy , Anxiety , Religion , Sex Offenses , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Qualitative Research , DepressionABSTRACT
Artículo teórico-reflexivo que responde al objetivo de generar lineamientos para el abordaje de daños en el ámbito emocional en investigaciones con seres humanos. Utilizando directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras de Ontario y, como referente, a la teorista Joyce Travelbee, se genera un diagrama de flujo como propuesta para protocolizar el abordaje de daños emocionales en investigación con seres humanos, con base en la formalidad, la rigurosidad y la empatía que requiere el proceso de ayuda ante potenciales daños generados en una investigación. Esto debido a que resulta perentorio presentar guías predefinidas en cualquier investigación que, tras un minucioso análisis, presente el riesgo de compromiso emocional en los participantes.
This theoretical-reflexive article aims to draw up guidelines for addressing emotional distress in research with human beings. Using guidelines from the World Health Organization, the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, and, as a reference, the theorist Joyce Travelbee, we propose a flowchart to protocolize the approach to emotional distress in research with human beings based on the formality, rigor, and empathy required by the aid process in the face of potential damage. Thus, it is imperative to have predefined guidelines in any study that, after careful analysis, poses the risk of emotional compromise for participants.
Trata-se de artigo teórico-reflexivo que atende ao objetivo de gerar lineamentos para a abordagem de danos no âmbito emocional em pesquisas com seres humanos. A partir da utilização das diretrizes da Organização Mundial da Saúde, da Associação Profissional de Enfermeiras de Ontario e, como referente, a teórica Joyce Travelbee, é gerado um diagrama de fluxo como proposta para protocolizar a abordagem de danos emocionais em pesquisa com seres humanos, com base na formalidade, na rigorosidade e na empatia que o processo de ajuda requer ante potenciais danos gerados numa pesquisa. Isso devido a que se torna relevante apresentar guias predefinidos em qualquer pesquisa que, após minuciosa análise, apresente o risco do comprometimento emocional nos participantes.